I spent three days trying to figure this out…
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XFS has the xfs_growfs that you can grow the file system, but you have to resize the underlying partition first, else the output of xfs_growfs simply prints the size information about the partition as it exists.
No hints whatsoever as to why the filesystem hasn't grown.
parted has the ability to grow a partition – google that and you will quickly find parted doesn't support XFS. You can't resize an XFS partition.
What you can do is simply delete the existing partition and create a new one. This is the bit of information that is a bit hard to come by.
example:
parted /dev/md0
Model: Unknown (unknown)
Disk /dev/md0: 6001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 3001GB 3001GB xfs primary
rm 1
mkpart 1 0 6001GB
Model: Unknown (unknown)
Disk /dev/md0: 6001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 6001GB 6001GB xfs primary
mount the partition – xfs_growfs works on mounted partitions.
mount /dev/md0p1 /media/md0p1
xfs_growfs /media/md0p1
via [SOLVED] Growing an XFS partition with parted – Ubuntu Forums.